Weapons Monday, November 25th 2019
Tights	Upgraded operating principles for weapons.

Bullets operating principle ( Saturday, 27h April 2019 )

Yellow top is flying part. The penetration and flying capabilities are the key things.
Cyan center is fuel tank, which is filled with gun powder. Red bottom ignites the fuel.
Pink is attachment of the fuel tank and actual bullet is very important part in bullet.

If you haven't thought about it, bullets are miniature rockets. They use gunpowder as fuel. Bullet has usually two parts. Shell is fuel tank, which holds the gun powder. 
The actual bullet closes the shell. When the gun hits the shell, the gun powder explodes. Ignites and starts to burn.
After the pressure inside the shell grows enough, the cap-bullet gives up, and starts the trip towards the target. 
When you make bullets, the force, with what the bullet leaves the shell must be optimized. So that the bullet detaches when the pressure inside the shell reaches the top. 
Usually in faulty ammo bullet detaches too early, but it is also possible, that the bullet leaves too late. When pressure peaks, it is still pushing the bullet away from the shell.

Soldiers' assault rifle is obviously the most powerful handheld bullet gun. It gets competitor from hunter's rifle. Soldiers' rifle has short barrel, hunters' long.
Rifle is a handheld gun, which shoots rolling bullets. Machine gun is the most powerful from all bullet guns.

- Air gun bullets misses the gun powder, they are rather harmless. Successful shot to eye could blind or even kill you. 
- Banging toy gun bullet has gunpowder. The ammo misses the bullet part.

When firing pin hits the bottom, it ignites more sensitive fuel at the bottom of the shell / fuel tank. 
The pressure in the shell starts to grow, but violet mounting of ammo keeps the ammo at place.
After pressure grows high enough, mountings fail, and the ammo leaves the shell. 
The mounting should fail after pressure is 80-90% from maximum.
- The early failure pushes the ammo through the mounting and gives a security for functionality.
The detachment from shell must be balanced.
- If some part gets loose before or after others, bullet loses part from it's speed and accuracy.

Rockets, missiles and fireworks

Bullet loses it's power rather quickly. Rocket has longer range, you can adjust rocket's effective range with design.
In principle both bullets and rockets can carry explosives. Problem is the heat, which comes from gun powder explosion. This heat tends to detonate also the explosives for target.

Rocket carries fuel with it. Head is usually filled with explosives. Explosives detonates also remaining fuel.
Flight ends after rocket hits the target-or-ground or rocket runs out of fuel.

Fueling the flight

Short range rocket, with relatively small fuel tank, doesn't need fueling system. The fire is ignited  from the bottom. Fire forwards towards front on it's own.

Long range rockets and missiles, with big fuel tanks, need a fueling system for the fire and thrust. Fire and thrust are created at end of the tube.
Simplest fueling system is vacuum. In fire-thrust creation section, fuel outlets are placed into a place, where there is under pressure during the fire.
Fuel pump is another way to provide fuel to fire, without much effort. And without complicated construction.

Pressurized fuel tank is difficult. After rocket starts to run out of fuel, the pressure falls a lot. When so, the initial pressure must be big. 
Then you need valve system for controlling the amount of fuel you feed to fire.

Smallest rocket gun is slinger. Slinger doesn't kick like bullet gun, it leaves hot flames behind. You hold the slinger on your shoulder.
Slinger is popular. It is the most powerful handheld gun, then it is simple, light and cheap. Slinger consists from straight tube-barrel, aiming aid and detonator for ammo.

Rockets and missiles flying capabilities can be improved with jet engine systems. Slinger's range and flying speed can be extended with a push plate at the end of the tube. 
You can leave escapes for hot air in between the tube and the push plate. When you do so, you can use common slinger rockets with push plate. 
You must remember to direct the hot burning air, so that shooter and loader are not in danger. Slinger is a weapon for infantry.
There is always more than one man per slinger. One carries tube and ammo. Others carry ammo and common weaponry.

Bigger rocket guns use often closed barrels. Closed barrel boosts the power and speed. Closed barrel requires, that you mount the gun. 
Missile is stand alone rocket gun, a gun without barrel. In long range, ballistic missiles, like the scud on the right, the tube is rather insignificant.
In planes, rockets and missiles should always have slinger like push plate system for reducing the mass and boosting the flight.

Both rocket and missile carries usually explosives. Fuel tank in the middle keeps the explosives cool during launch and fly.

As you can see from the picture, Word War III fashion is not very good in actual warfare. 
Very difficult to say, where and when the recently launched long range scud will eventually land. Winds can throw it far from the intended course.
When compared to plane with smaller rockets-missiles, long range missiles are inaccurate, their steering capabilities are poor. 
They are also uneconomical. Lack of wings needs awful lot of fuel, when compared to winged bomber or fighter. They are also rather slow.

If you want unmanned weapons, remote controlled weapon with cameras, can match manned weapons. Unmanned weapon saves lives and troops. 
On the other unmanned hand weapon is usually disposal weapon. After 1st usage, you lose the tech, time and money you spent to the weapon.

Cruising missile with target search and steering is near plane. Although parts for advanced tech would be cheap, 
systems in each missile must be tested and checked, before short one time usage. This increases construction cost and time quite a lot.
To tanks, ships and planes you can build better and more expensive mounted targeting systems, with what you can improve the accuracy.

Fireworks

Fireworks shares the rockets and missiles operating principle. In fueling, firework uses short range rockets system.
When firework falls, the fire changes the direction and ignites the lightshow explosives at the top.
The actual lightshow is created with small tube systems at the head. The tubes directs the fire and burning material into desired directions.
Rotating and moving fireworks are also made with tube systems.

Canon

Canon's operating principle matches combustion engine. Piston is replaced with canon ball.

Canon is the first and obviously still the most common fired big gun. Canon is a gun with firing chamber. Ammo does not have gunpowder / fuel.
In traditional canon, the ammo forms the moving cap for the fire / explosion. 
This results into demand for high manufacturing accuracy of the canon and it's ammo and makes the canon difficult to load.

Grenades, Torpedoes, Mines and Bombs

Grenade is kind of a bomb. This explosive is not dropped, but thrown to target with man or machine power. Grenade launcher is canon.
Grenades are usually smaller and lighter than canon balls.

 Typical torpedo is big, machine powered underwater grenade. Water resists movements so much, that torpedo needs to be powered. Typical tubes, with what you launch torpedoes matches canon. You got to push the torpedo into water, before it can move with it's own power system.

 Mine is a hidden explosive with dummy, automatic detonator. Mine's detonator does not have friends, foes and civilians.

Bomb is grenade like explosive. Since dropped bomb has only one landing position, you can build firework effects into bomb. It is rather easy to add firework effects into fuel and common bombs. Bursting bomb with firework effect is not necessarily that easy.

Shotgun is for Sunday shooter

Shotgun is a gun for amateur shooter. It shoots small balls towards the target. Although you missed a little, the target ( or targets ) will get some fast flying balls to his-her body.
The hollow ammo has gun powder in the back. When you explode the powder, the explosion sends the small balls in the front towards the target.
Idea that you could reload shotgun ammo is rather distant. You must close the top, use some plate-piston system in between the balls and gunpowder.
Popular gun in US countryside and places where the cops and other helpers are far away from you.

- Short barrel shotgun is for close combats. Possible that it would need special bullets, which takes the proper order already in short barrel.
- Hunting ammo for shotgun could have small needles, which are already ordered in the ammo. Needle flies longer and keeps the direction better.
- Shotgun is not very good food hunting weapon. The small balls - pellets - spreads into animals body and meat. 

Other handheld weapons

The difference between revolver and pistol is in carton. Revolver has a rolling drum and pistol has a box for bullets. 
Exception to the naming is machine pistol, which has rolling drum. Gun is never said to be a machine revolver. 
Common revolver and pistol has usually less than 10 bullets.
Machine prefix comes after carton has 20 bullets or more. Typical assault rifle has also over 20 bullets. Common rifle has less, some rifles must be reloaded after each shot.

Machine pistol is handheld, machine gun is mounted to ground, construction or vehicle.
Bullets for on-ground machine gun are in separate band. One band-roll can have hundreds of bullets.
Planes and many vehicles have box and loader for bullets.

In handheld weapons barrel is merely an aiming aid. Shotgun, that spreads the ammo, is the only weapon, that needs longer barrel for ammo. 

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R&D Developments : Liquid explosives - 26th + 27th + 28th + 29th February 2020

In liquid explosive you use gin powder for heating and vaporizing water. In order to ensure full vaporization you need 400C temperature in water. One liter water needs 1 Joule for 1C hike. As vapor water needs only 0.25 Joules for 1 C. The created gas must be charged for the created pressure. Conversion from water to gas needs 1 000 joules. Gun powder 100 joules. 

Water goes so, that gun powder extends the volume to around 2 bar pressure. The boiling point is around 125C.  0-125 C takes 125 J / kg. Vapor conversion takes 1 000 J / kg. After that you need 0,25 J / kg for 1C. Remaining 275C hike needs 70 J / kg. It totals to 1 200 J / kg. 

For 400-1 000C you need around 1.5 kJ / kg. When you burn one liter of gun powder, you get around 30 000 kJ energy for heating. 

When so, the maximum gun powder / water ratio could be 1 / 10. With ratio you can adjust the power, you get from explosion. Optimize the explosion with shell's strength.

When you detonate the bomb, the gun powder volume might double. The water's volume grows from 1 to 1667. Gun powder grows from 1 to somewhere near 500. After conversion to gas, heat expansion typically doubles the volume. 

When exploded, the 1 kg or liter sample has 0.857 kg water, 0.143 kg gun powder. Water grows to 1428 liter, powder to 71 liters. The maximum pressure, without oxygen, is 1 500 bars. Heat expansion raises the pressure to around 3 000 bars. Bombs and ammos power come from the shell's volume and pressure you create before shell gets broke. In order get the power, you need shell, which explodes after internal pressure is over 2 500 bars.

In principle it possible to create rockets and missiles, whose war head is water tank. You can use copper rods, for bringing the required heat to head. With rods, you can transfer the required heat from rocket engine's department. After fuel tanks are empty, the engine is still loaded with heat.

- The explosion volume matches 3 kg common bomb, but common bombs maximum pressure can never raise over 500 bar / 1 000 bar. When so, you need 9 kg common bomb for matching power-force system.
- If you have all needed oxygen in gunpowder, powders weight-share raises to around 3 / 6. Embedded oxygen doesn't change fuels characteristics much. The earlier 1 kg bomb has 0.5 kg water and fuel. When so water grows to 833 liters, fuel to 250 liters. Total volume is 1 083 liters and max pressure around 2 000 bars. Matching volume and power comes with 2 kg bomb.

Conventional bomb without filler wastes the heat, which comes from the fire. In real life wars, where you suffer from supplies and raw materials, water is the best filler. In common usage water is quarantined to be environmentally safe filler.

Liquid bomb beats easily nuclear bombs and missiles. Liquid bomb-explosive is environmentally safe. When burn the gun powder inside the water, the explosion doesn't cause much fires. When you burn fuel outside the water, the pressure is preceded with burning firewall.

Liquid water bomb is cheap explosive, water doesn't cost a dime. Liquid bomb with matching power is lighter than traditional explosives. When you maximize the explosion, shell's strength is a big problem.

Nuclear explosive needs filling, you expand with nuclear fire. Fuel rods, you burn in nuclear radiators, keeps their volume in the fire. If you pack fuel rod and detonator and nothing more in to your nuclear missiles and bombs, they will not explode. 

Without filler explosion needs vaporization of Uranium / Element 91. Uranium's boiling point in normal pressure is 4 000C. In order to detonate-vaporize uranium Word War participants need cover material, which lasts over 4 000 C temperatures. Steel shell vaporizes at 2 800C, carbon cover melts at 3 500C and vaporizes at 3 800C.

R&D Developments : Breaker

When you look at the canon's operating principle. In barrel and ignition heavy ammo is better than light.
You can increase the theoretical weight of ammo and maximum push pressure with stopper clips in the barrel. 
You have four or more picture like stoppers in front of the ammo.
When pressure in combustion chamber grows enough, the pressure lifts breaker up and releases the ammo.

With breaker clips you can seal the combustion chamber. Then you have sealing ring in ammo.
You can use low tolerance ammo and bigger hole in between barrel and ammo.
Lower picture is diagram. In actual system, the clip pistons are slightly longer.
Longer clip-piston prevents pressure leaks from the clip holes. 

Clip system is short in lengthwise. Disturbance from the clip holes is marginal.
- In big canon and grenade launcher barrels system is easy.
- In handheld guns tolerances are small.

In canons and grenade launchers, breaker brings a big boost to effective range.
You can build a system, which can be opened from the outside. For repairs and replacement parts.

You can build systems, that feeds more gun powder to barrel after ball-grenade is released.
Pressure and power in barrel starts to fall right after the ammo starts to move.
With additional powder, you can increase the pressure.
In breaker-barrel, the maximum pressure is constructional. It is dependent on barrels and clips strength.

R&D Developments : Fully automated, rapid fire canon-grenade launcher

If you separate the ammo from firing chamber with lubricated piston system, you can
+ maximize shooting powers, besides better tightness and higher peak pressure, you can brake the piston until the pressure peaks.
+ get also rid of the tight manufacturing tolerances and you can overhaul old canons ( and use standard ammo in overhauled canon ).
With breaker you can temporarily increase shooting range / power. Continuous usage of overpressure will blow the canon into pieces.
With cooling system, you can get rapid fire from the canon. Build autoloader for ammo and fuel feeder for gun powder. Less than 1 second per shot is possible.
With rod and two pistons ( worker-pusher ), you can safely use explosive ammo. ( biological and chemical things are forbidden in warfare )

R&D Developments : Tank-less bullets.

With breakers and rapid fire tech it is possible to build pistols, revolvers, assault rifles, machine pistols and machine guns, where fuel tank is placed to weapon.
Shared fuel tank reduces the weight of fully loaded gun. You have steel walls for only one bigger powder tank. 
- Besides weight, shared tank reduces the size of gun-ammo system.
- In wars, you save lots of steel. You do not waste metal into bigger shells. In common use, you save money.
- Aassault rifle and machine pistol with separate tank can have more ammo than traditional version. With breaker you can adjust power and effective range. 

R&D Developments : Long range machine gun

Few years old long range machine gun has bigger bullets than common machine gun. The shells are bigger, they have more fuel. The actual ammo-bullet has a small explosive. The explosive detonates, after the hits the target. Tip of the bullet very sharp and strong. The explosion breaks the bullet after the tip.

Gun powders

Traditional gun powder, black powder, is made from Kalium and Sulfur. 

Glycol and Glycerol alcohols are used in modern powders ... bullets, ammo and explosives.
These two carry oxygen for boosting the fire. They do not form smoke, like black powder does.
Glycol and Glycerol are environmentally safe, harmless CxHx compounds. 
Principles for constructing chemical formulas for CxHx fires are on pressure sensor page.

In World War II common petrol was used in self-made fuel bomb like explosives. 

In principle you can build an explosive from everything, that burns and expands. The destructive effect comes from shell and pressure, when shell gets broke. The fuel and method, with what you raise the temperature-pressure system inside the closed box, is insignificant.

Booze-alcohols are good powders. Big explosives have always difficulties in getting enough external oxygen for burning all the fuel for explosion. The explosion takes takes place in one place. After shell gets broke, it doesn't take long after surrounding cannot provide enough oxygen for the fast fire.

Nuclear powders

Weapon grade plutonium is made from nuclear plants used fuel rods. The recycled uranium is around 90% sure to have lethal nuclear waste in it. Also around 100% sure, that this military grade product detonates well only in sales events and other promotional occasions / stories.

The thing, that acts in nuclear reaction, is estimated to be unnamed-unknown-concealed Element 91. Element obviously co-exists with Uranium. Before reaction, this element is harmless. The nasty, long term lethal effect is born in reaction. The strong cloud formation hints, that nuclear reaction is fire. E91 is magnesium like burning metal. Lethal effect comes from sparks and scent-smoke system the burned E91 produces. Both smells and smokes attaches to things. Sparks burn holes and penetrates into everything.

? Santa Susana Field Facility was used for recycling old fuel rods. Quite sure, that the area inside greater Los Angeles is polluted by nuclear waste.

Explosions

Weapons have three types of explosions.

 Bursting explosion breaks the shell into small sharp pieces, pressure is used for throwing the small hazardous pieces into surroundings. The effective range is rather small. Shards or fragments weigh quite a lot, then you cannot control their flight. Bursting suits to small weapons, like hand grenades ... small bombs, rockets and grenades.

 Fuel explosion breaks the shell long before the fuel is burned. After shell gets broke, the pressure is used for spreading burning fuel to surrounding area.  Fuel bombs and self made grenades are the most common weapons, that uses fuel explosions. Fuel explosions can be enhanced with firework tech. Firework effects are easy to add into dropped fuel bombs. You can at least double the area, the bomb sets into fire.

 Common explosion creates a strong, high frequency pressure, that spreads into surroundings. This type is common in all weapons. The explosion is accompanied with fuel and bursting effects. But the designed effect is pressure. 

Designing crust and explosives

"Warheads" for bombs, rockets and missiles have two basic characteristics, which must be matched together. The power of explosives must match the strength of shell. 

When you for example put big nuclear explosive into common fighter-missile, the shell is 100% sure to get broke long before the pressure inside the missile peaks. Right after the shell gets broke, the explosive loses most from it's power. The rest of the gunpowder / nuclear explosive is wasted to almost nothing. On the other hand, if the shell is too strong, the bomb neutralizes the explosion with it's own shell.

The shell of explosive head must get broke evenly.  When the explosive misses the shell - like for example dynamite - you must put the explosive into hole, which provides the required shell for pressure creation. Just like it is with planes, system with explosives is also very different from the way, they work in the news, movies, tv-series, etc.

Nuclear weapons
 Nuclear weapons from Word War III are not very credible. Nuclear reaction is said to be fast and strong. When so, the announced, enormous nuclear bombs and missiles must have very thick and heavy shells.
 Nowadays there are mini-nukes and bombs. Mini nukes are small, light and powerful weapons. These can be used in common warfare. Both bombs and missiles can be used alongside with traditional bombs and missiles. Nuclear weapons are exclusive to planes. You cannot have own troops anywhere near the explosion or coming soon to the target area. Nuclear weapons can be used far from the enemy lines only. To cities, military bases, supply centers & routes.

Caliber

Caliber is the diameter of barrel, bullet, ammo. All barrel weapons uses caliber. 

Big caliber handgun is not necessarily very powerful / good. 
Air resistance slows down the bullet faster. At the target big bullet has penetration problems.

The optimal bullet part shape is half-needle. The front is for flying, the flat-end for giving flying power.

When caliber is rather insignificant, the most important thing in gun power is the peak pressure ... pressure during moment the bullet part detaches. 
So, the extremely long bullet does not give more power than common bullet. The amount of gun powder ( packing ratio ) plays the key role in shooting power.

The gun is important in aiming. The power comes from bullets.

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EMP - Electro Magnetic Pulse weapon

EMP weapon is often presented in sci-fi stories and war games. Weapon is said to disable or destroy all electric applications. Not very easy to find a way how it would work.  
Over surges, which breaks the electric apparatus ) are very common in our world. Power grids and almost all electric apparatuses have fuses, which protects them.
When web came, it was used via landline phone. Landline phone didn't have fuses and protection for lightings and high voltages. Modems burned many computers.
Electric apparatus operates with copper wire. Otherwise the circuit and wires are isolated from electric current. The current you need for penetrating into electric apparatus
is so big, that it kills and burns also all the other things in our world.

Another common sci-fi weapon is laser beam, that comes from space. Currently it looks like, that it is possible to hit earth with beam.
But you should use adjustable magnifying glass instead of laser for creating the burning beam. Magnifying factor does not have to be big,
for setting wood and fabrics into fire.

Magnifying tech could be used for landscaping and neutralizing typhoons and hurricanes.
When you add heat into the eye, the pressure raises and breaks the vacuum system. Problem is in the size. Typhoons / hurricanes diameter
is almost always over 200 km or 100 miles. With landscaping you could get a beginning for the weather control system.

R&D Developments : Beam weapons

In beam weapon head creates high pressure light waves from the piston-chamber.
Vibrator is speakers element like electromagnetic system. Head is optional add-on for the weapon.

With this system it is possible to create laser-beam weapons you have seen in movies.
Range of beam weapon goes from small hidden piston to canon. 

With optional head you can direct and shrink-reshape the produced light waves pulses. 
With head you can create a shot gun like weapons, which causes smaller damages to wider range.

Beam weapon has long effective range and good accuracy. It reaches a distant target in a blink of an eye.
Beam weapons problem is reflections. When you miss the target, or target doesn't absorb the beam, the beam takes new direction. 
Beam shield can be made from glittering, mirror like material.

In principle it is possible to build beam bombs, grenades ... rockets and missiles. These disposal beam weapons costs quite a lot. They don't necessarily work well after shooting, throwing or dropping  them to target. Hand grenade / dynamite like beam explosive for destroying enemy constructions-troops might be possible.

Silent, long range beam rifle is good weapon for hunting animals. Maybe too easy for good sport.
- But if you end into place or situation, where you have hunt for food and your life.
- Also good, when some animal has to be harvested, because of the overpopulation.

R&D Developments : Electric weapons

Electric weapons are very new application from aired electricity. In principle, electric weapon's effect is comparable to lightning. 

Aired electricity's suspected role in global warming brought up the idea of anti-aircraft weapon. With aired electricity you can reduce the weight, the air can carry. When so, with aired electricity, you can build shields and guns, that drops and distracts incoming planes and ammo.

? Idea of electric taser is impossible. Difference in between fainting and killing electric charge is small. The required lethal charge varies a lot by the location of the hit. Then the charge into which one person faints, can kill the other.

R&D Developments : Gravitational weapons

Gravitational weapons is another brand new sector. Fictional at the moment. With high gravitation system you can create impassable shields. G50 shield kills everyone and everything, that tries come through. With low gravitation shield, you can reduce the hit forces. In G2 shield system 50 kg cannonball weighs only 10 kg. If the G2 shield after G20 shield is short, the incoming objet doesn't have time to accelerate the speed into G2 level.

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Detectors : Radars and heat detector 

All radars have operating frequency. First they send signal. Then they wait reflections or echoes. After the wait time is over, they draw picture from detected things. Radars repeat this loop all the time. Wave research brought the separation of light and electric waves into common physics. The separation was earlier exclusive to some electronics.

- Common radar operates with invisible light waves. And reflections from first obstacle. Radar simulates eyes operating system.

- Electric radar's system has been used in mine sweepers and nail detectors. Electric wave stops and reflects from electric conductors / metals. With electric radar you can find camouflaged troops and vehicles from the ground. Electric radar was developed for searching valuables to mining.

- Sonic radar system has been used in sonar, for searching submarines, ocean depths and swarms of fishes. Sonar has also been used for showing embryos from women's wombs. Sonar and sonic radar are based on sound waves echoing feature. Sound wave can penetrate through solid things. Sonar - sonic radar can be used in air and with solids.

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Heat detectors operate with heat camera. They take photos from surroundings. Then they check hot spots from the picture / live footage.

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Aerial war tactics ( Monday, 29h April 2019 )

The most important plane in aerial war is bomber. Fighter is supportive plane. It gives air support to ground troops. It protects and shoots down bombers. It can also be used for protecting and hunting ships / submarines. Fighter is fast, but it cannot carry much explosives. Bomber is the plane, with what you can fight ( conquer and defend ) in the war. Since fighter cannot carry much explosives, in actual warfare fighter needs flammable or explosive targets : You use small missiles and rockets as detonators.

When you try to demolish Iraq or Afghanistan with aircraft-carriers and fighters, you need busloads of planes, flights, gas, small missiles and rockets. One flight with fully loaded B-52 cleans the whole village from enemy soldiers and military constructions.

Bomber is cost effective way to attack. Besides money and gas, bomber reduces losses amongst your own troops. Forwarding ground attack is very costly thing to do. You must come out from bunkers into open ground, your enemy stays in cover. Your troops loses their motivation to attack rather quickly.

If you want to conquer areas to yourself, sooner or later you must always send ground troops to the area. System is the same in defense and attack plans.

In real-life war hiding your troops amongst civilians never works. People, you use as human shield are your people, not your opponents. It is your job to protect them, minimize the losses amongst civilians. In full scaled wars, there aren't any civilians. People in cities manufactures supplies for troops. At countryside people produces food and drinks for soldiers and city people.

Trade wars

Same goes to trade wars. After you declare a war and you are about to lose 100 000 + 200 000 productive job opportunities to less hostile countries, no one on the other side cares.

In general levels, politics, civil servants, midgets and payroll jerks should never declare a war against big company owners / market forces. All the things you need, are missing. At the highest your responses, lies and cheats are worth a good laugh.

? Although F18 has higher number, it is quite a lot poorer fighter than F16. Double engine F18 is made for US air-craft carriers, single engine F16 is for strips. F18 beats F16 only in required strip length.

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Sunday, 19th April 2019 - Warfare

World war 1 was the first war, where you used weapons of mass-destruction. Before WW-I weapons in the wars were primitive. Swords, spears and clubs. Later you got hand guns and rifles into wars. WW-1 introduced machine guns, bombs, planes, submarines and tanks.

Beam weapon upgrades for example machine guns and pistols. Both have max of around 100 bullets. Beam weapon produces steady fire, which lasts as long as th electromagnetic battery lasts. The range is longer and power bigger than in bullet gun.

When compared to bullet-gun beam weapon has two disadvantages. The reflection of the beam. Beam weapon burns small holes into your body and everything it hits. The heat sets things into fire very easily. If you for example hunt and miss a deer in drought driven California, the miss can lead onto a big fire. Guns are made to hurt and kill hand in warfare, the same firing effect boosts guns power and is a very positive thing. One hit to plane's fuel tank is enough to explode and drop the plane. Both planes and anti-aircraft guns can use generators for powering the beams, so the power and shooting time are not very heavily limited.

The heat is born from collision and penetration, there is nothing you can do to it. When you shoot a person with beam gun, his-her clothes can start to burn. After shooting, you can see the last moments of a living torch. Bullet is usually too big and slow, at the most it makes black ring around the hole. In beam gun, there is chance, that you could add phosphor into beam. It could boost the firing effect of the gun.

There isn't a way you could prevent development and construction of beam weapons. The beam-gun tech has lots of peaceful usage in cutting and polishing.

Common to ( 19th October 2019 )

What is common with car's coolant and explosives ?
They are both often made from glycol. Glycol is an alcohol or spirit or booze, which doesn't suit to Jack. You should not drink it.
Thanks for your advise, try to keep that in mind. So, beer, vodka and whiskey to mouth, glycol to cooler. Old ethanol fuel suits to both, mouth and cooler. Modern ethanol fuel is poisoned, obviously for maximizing tax incomes from booze.
Traditional gun powder, black powder, is made from Kalium and Sulfur. Glycol and Glycerol alcohols are used in modern powders ... bullets, ammo and explosives.
Glycerol is used also in dish washing detergents.

Magnesium bombs ( 21st October 2019 )

Magnesium bombs and ammo are more efficient than current booze based ammo and other explosives ?
Don't know for sure. Looks like that magnesium, would burn faster and better. Don't know how hot magnesium fire is. Fast, hot fire raises the peak pressure. Booze bombs are known to be safe. Magnesium's possible hazardous effects should be researched properly, before taking them to widespread usage.
Magnesium fire can turn out to be nuclear reaction like long term lethal misery.
Booze based gun powder has one unique advantage against all the others. You can embed required oxygen safely into the powder. Let for example hand grenade form the max pressure, before it breaks the shell.
Can you break the shell before the pressure reaches the maximum.
Yes of course. Bomb that blows up before maximum pressure, during the time filling is on fire, is called fire bomb. One common form of ammo.